ImageNet training in PyTorch

在阅读PyTorch的torchvision.models的文档时,发现了PyTorch官方的一份优质example。但我发现该example链接仍为PyTorch早期版本的,文档尚未更新链接到PyTorch 1.0新版example。

ImageNet training in PyTorch

PyTorch torchvision.models文档链接:

torchvision.models | PyTorch Docs

The models subpackage contains definitions for the following model architectures:

Example链接:

ImageNet training in PyTorch

This implements training of popular model architectures, such as ResNet, AlexNet, and VGG on the ImageNet dataset.

1 main.py

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import argparse
import os
import random
import shutil
import time
import warnings
import sys

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.parallel
import torch.backends.cudnn as cudnn
import torch.distributed as dist
import torch.optim
import torch.multiprocessing as mp
import torch.utils.data
import torch.utils.data.distributed
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision.datasets as datasets
import torchvision.models as models

model_names = sorted(name for name in models.__dict__
if name.islower() and not name.startswith("__")
and callable(models.__dict__[name]))

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='PyTorch ImageNet Training')
parser.add_argument('data', metavar='DIR',
help='path to dataset')
parser.add_argument('-a', '--arch', metavar='ARCH', default='resnet18',
choices=model_names,
help='model architecture: ' +
' | '.join(model_names) +
' (default: resnet18)')
parser.add_argument('-j', '--workers', default=4, type=int, metavar='N',
help='number of data loading workers (default: 4)')
parser.add_argument('--epochs', default=90, type=int, metavar='N',
help='number of total epochs to run')
parser.add_argument('--start-epoch', default=0, type=int, metavar='N',
help='manual epoch number (useful on restarts)')
parser.add_argument('-b', '--batch-size', default=256, type=int,
metavar='N',
help='mini-batch size (default: 256), this is the total '
'batch size of all GPUs on the current node when '
'using Data Parallel or Distributed Data Parallel')
parser.add_argument('--lr', '--learning-rate', default=0.1, type=float,
metavar='LR', help='initial learning rate', dest='lr')
parser.add_argument('--momentum', default=0.9, type=float, metavar='M',
help='momentum')
parser.add_argument('--wd', '--weight-decay', default=1e-4, type=float,
metavar='W', help='weight decay (default: 1e-4)',
dest='weight_decay')
parser.add_argument('-p', '--print-freq', default=10, type=int,
metavar='N', help='print frequency (default: 10)')
parser.add_argument('--resume', default='', type=str, metavar='PATH',
help='path to latest checkpoint (default: none)')
parser.add_argument('-e', '--evaluate', dest='evaluate', action='store_true',
help='evaluate model on validation set')
parser.add_argument('--pretrained', dest='pretrained', action='store_true',
help='use pre-trained model')
parser.add_argument('--world-size', default=-1, type=int,
help='number of nodes for distributed training')
parser.add_argument('--rank', default=-1, type=int,
help='node rank for distributed training')
parser.add_argument('--dist-url', default='tcp://224.66.41.62:23456', type=str,
help='url used to set up distributed training')
parser.add_argument('--dist-backend', default='nccl', type=str,
help='distributed backend')
parser.add_argument('--seed', default=None, type=int,
help='seed for initializing training. ')
parser.add_argument('--gpu', default=None, type=int,
help='GPU id to use.')
parser.add_argument('--multiprocessing-distributed', action='store_true',
help='Use multi-processing distributed training to launch '
'N processes per node, which has N GPUs. This is the '
'fastest way to use PyTorch for either single node or '
'multi node data parallel training')

best_acc1 = 0


def main():
args = parser.parse_args()

if args.seed is not None:
random.seed(args.seed)
torch.manual_seed(args.seed)
cudnn.deterministic = True
warnings.warn('You have chosen to seed training. '
'This will turn on the CUDNN deterministic setting, '
'which can slow down your training considerably! '
'You may see unexpected behavior when restarting '
'from checkpoints.')

if args.gpu is not None:
warnings.warn('You have chosen a specific GPU. This will completely '
'disable data parallelism.')

if args.dist_url == "env://" and args.world_size == -1:
args.world_size = int(os.environ["WORLD_SIZE"])

args.distributed = args.world_size > 1 or args.multiprocessing_distributed

ngpus_per_node = torch.cuda.device_count()
if args.multiprocessing_distributed:
# Since we have ngpus_per_node processes per node, the total world_size
# needs to be adjusted accordingly
args.world_size = ngpus_per_node * args.world_size
# Use torch.multiprocessing.spawn to launch distributed processes: the
# main_worker process function
mp.spawn(main_worker, nprocs=ngpus_per_node, args=(ngpus_per_node, args))
else:
# Simply call main_worker function
main_worker(args.gpu, ngpus_per_node, args)


def main_worker(gpu, ngpus_per_node, args):
global best_acc1
args.gpu = gpu

if args.gpu is not None:
print("Use GPU: {} for training".format(args.gpu))

if args.distributed:
if args.dist_url == "env://" and args.rank == -1:
args.rank = int(os.environ["RANK"])
if args.multiprocessing_distributed:
# For multiprocessing distributed training, rank needs to be the
# global rank among all the processes
args.rank = args.rank * ngpus_per_node + gpu
dist.init_process_group(backend=args.dist_backend, init_method=args.dist_url,
world_size=args.world_size, rank=args.rank)
# create model
if args.pretrained:
print("=> using pre-trained model '{}'".format(args.arch))
model = models.__dict__[args.arch](pretrained=True)
else:
print("=> creating model '{}'".format(args.arch))
model = models.__dict__[args.arch]()

if args.distributed:
# For multiprocessing distributed, DistributedDataParallel constructor
# should always set the single device scope, otherwise,
# DistributedDataParallel will use all available devices.
if args.gpu is not None:
torch.cuda.set_device(args.gpu)
model.cuda(args.gpu)
# When using a single GPU per process and per
# DistributedDataParallel, we need to divide the batch size
# ourselves based on the total number of GPUs we have
args.batch_size = int(args.batch_size / ngpus_per_node)
args.workers = int(args.workers / ngpus_per_node)
model = torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel(model, device_ids=[args.gpu])
else:
model.cuda()
# DistributedDataParallel will divide and allocate batch_size to all
# available GPUs if device_ids are not set
model = torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel(model)
elif args.gpu is not None:
torch.cuda.set_device(args.gpu)
model = model.cuda(args.gpu)
else:
# DataParallel will divide and allocate batch_size to all available GPUs
if args.arch.startswith('alexnet') or args.arch.startswith('vgg'):
model.features = torch.nn.DataParallel(model.features)
model.cuda()
else:
model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model).cuda()

# define loss function (criterion) and optimizer
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss().cuda(args.gpu)

optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), args.lr,
momentum=args.momentum,
weight_decay=args.weight_decay)

# optionally resume from a checkpoint
if args.resume:
if os.path.isfile(args.resume):
print("=> loading checkpoint '{}'".format(args.resume))
checkpoint = torch.load(args.resume)
args.start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch']
best_acc1 = checkpoint['best_acc1']
if args.gpu is not None:
# best_acc1 may be from a checkpoint from a different GPU
best_acc1 = best_acc1.to(args.gpu)
model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['state_dict'])
optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer'])
print("=> loaded checkpoint '{}' (epoch {})"
.format(args.resume, checkpoint['epoch']))
else:
print("=> no checkpoint found at '{}'".format(args.resume))

cudnn.benchmark = True

# Data loading code
traindir = os.path.join(args.data, 'train')
valdir = os.path.join(args.data, 'val')
normalize = transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])

train_dataset = datasets.ImageFolder(
traindir,
transforms.Compose([
transforms.RandomResizedCrop(224),
transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
transforms.ToTensor(),
normalize,
]))

if args.distributed:
train_sampler = torch.utils.data.distributed.DistributedSampler(train_dataset)
else:
train_sampler = None

train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
train_dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=(train_sampler is None),
num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True, sampler=train_sampler)

val_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
datasets.ImageFolder(valdir, transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize(256),
transforms.CenterCrop(224),
transforms.ToTensor(),
normalize,
])),
batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=False,
num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True)

if args.evaluate:
validate(val_loader, model, criterion, args)
return

for epoch in range(args.start_epoch, args.epochs):
if args.distributed:
train_sampler.set_epoch(epoch)
adjust_learning_rate(optimizer, epoch, args)

# train for one epoch
train(train_loader, model, criterion, optimizer, epoch, args)

# evaluate on validation set
acc1 = validate(val_loader, model, criterion, args)

# remember best acc@1 and save checkpoint
is_best = acc1 > best_acc1
best_acc1 = max(acc1, best_acc1)

if not args.multiprocessing_distributed or (args.multiprocessing_distributed
and args.rank % ngpus_per_node == 0):
save_checkpoint({
'epoch': epoch + 1,
'arch': args.arch,
'state_dict': model.state_dict(),
'best_acc1': best_acc1,
'optimizer' : optimizer.state_dict(),
}, is_best)


def train(train_loader, model, criterion, optimizer, epoch, args):
batch_time = AverageMeter('Time', ':6.3f')
data_time = AverageMeter('Data', ':6.3f')
losses = AverageMeter('Loss', ':.4e')
top1 = AverageMeter('Acc@1', ':6.2f')
top5 = AverageMeter('Acc@5', ':6.2f')
progress = ProgressMeter(len(train_loader), batch_time, data_time, losses, top1,
top5, prefix="Epoch: [{}]".format(epoch))

# switch to train mode
model.train()

end = time.time()
for i, (input, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
# measure data loading time
data_time.update(time.time() - end)

if args.gpu is not None:
input = input.cuda(args.gpu, non_blocking=True)
target = target.cuda(args.gpu, non_blocking=True)

# compute output
output = model(input)
loss = criterion(output, target)

# measure accuracy and record loss
acc1, acc5 = accuracy(output, target, topk=(1, 5))
losses.update(loss.item(), input.size(0))
top1.update(acc1[0], input.size(0))
top5.update(acc5[0], input.size(0))

# compute gradient and do SGD step
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()

# measure elapsed time
batch_time.update(time.time() - end)
end = time.time()

if i % args.print_freq == 0:
progress.print(i)


def validate(val_loader, model, criterion, args):
batch_time = AverageMeter('Time', ':6.3f')
losses = AverageMeter('Loss', ':.4e')
top1 = AverageMeter('Acc@1', ':6.2f')
top5 = AverageMeter('Acc@5', ':6.2f')
progress = ProgressMeter(len(val_loader), batch_time, losses, top1, top5,
prefix='Test: ')

# switch to evaluate mode
model.eval()

with torch.no_grad():
end = time.time()
for i, (input, target) in enumerate(val_loader):
if args.gpu is not None:
input = input.cuda(args.gpu, non_blocking=True)
target = target.cuda(args.gpu, non_blocking=True)

# compute output
output = model(input)
loss = criterion(output, target)

# measure accuracy and record loss
acc1, acc5 = accuracy(output, target, topk=(1, 5))
losses.update(loss.item(), input.size(0))
top1.update(acc1[0], input.size(0))
top5.update(acc5[0], input.size(0))

# measure elapsed time
batch_time.update(time.time() - end)
end = time.time()

if i % args.print_freq == 0:
progress.print(i)

# TODO: this should also be done with the ProgressMeter
print(' * Acc@1 {top1.avg:.3f} Acc@5 {top5.avg:.3f}'
.format(top1=top1, top5=top5))

return top1.avg


def save_checkpoint(state, is_best, filename='checkpoint.pth.tar'):
torch.save(state, filename)
if is_best:
shutil.copyfile(filename, 'model_best.pth.tar')


class AverageMeter(object):
"""Computes and stores the average and current value"""
def __init__(self, name, fmt=':f'):
self.name = name
self.fmt = fmt
self.reset()

def reset(self):
self.val = 0
self.avg = 0
self.sum = 0
self.count = 0

def update(self, val, n=1):
self.val = val
self.sum += val * n
self.count += n
self.avg = self.sum / self.count

def __str__(self):
fmtstr = '{name} {val' + self.fmt + '} ({avg' + self.fmt + '})'
return fmtstr.format(**self.__dict__)


class ProgressMeter(object):
def __init__(self, num_batches, *meters, prefix=""):
self.batch_fmtstr = self._get_batch_fmtstr(num_batches)
self.meters = meters
self.prefix = prefix

def print(self, batch):
entries = [self.prefix + self.batch_fmtstr.format(batch)]
entries += [str(meter) for meter in self.meters]
print('\t'.join(entries))

def _get_batch_fmtstr(self, num_batches):
num_digits = len(str(num_batches // 1))
fmt = '{:' + str(num_digits) + 'd}'
return '[' + fmt + '/' + fmt.format(num_batches) + ']'


def adjust_learning_rate(optimizer, epoch, args):
"""Sets the learning rate to the initial LR decayed by 10 every 30 epochs"""
lr = args.lr * (0.1 ** (epoch // 30))
for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
param_group['lr'] = lr


def accuracy(output, target, topk=(1,)):
"""Computes the accuracy over the k top predictions for the specified values of k"""
with torch.no_grad():
maxk = max(topk)
batch_size = target.size(0)

_, pred = output.topk(maxk, 1, True, True)
pred = pred.t()
correct = pred.eq(target.view(1, -1).expand_as(pred))

res = []
for k in topk:
correct_k = correct[:k].view(-1).float().sum(0, keepdim=True)
res.append(correct_k.mul_(100.0 / batch_size))
return res


if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

2 main.py(旧版)

文档中链接的旧版本example虽然已不能直接兼容PyTorch 1.0版本,但其实只需要做简单一些修改即可。该旧版代码相对新版本更简单易学,可以阅读该版本作为上手理解。

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import argparse
import os
import shutil
import time

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.parallel
import torch.backends.cudnn as cudnn
import torch.optim
import torch.utils.data
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision.datasets as datasets
import torchvision.models as models


model_names = sorted(name for name in models.__dict__
if name.islower() and not name.startswith("__")
and callable(models.__dict__[name]))


parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='PyTorch ImageNet Training')
parser.add_argument('data', metavar='DIR',
help='path to dataset')
parser.add_argument('--arch', '-a', metavar='ARCH', default='resnet18',
choices=model_names,
help='model architecture: ' +
' | '.join(model_names) +
' (default: resnet18)')
parser.add_argument('-j', '--workers', default=4, type=int, metavar='N',
help='number of data loading workers (default: 4)')
parser.add_argument('--epochs', default=90, type=int, metavar='N',
help='number of total epochs to run')
parser.add_argument('--start-epoch', default=0, type=int, metavar='N',
help='manual epoch number (useful on restarts)')
parser.add_argument('-b', '--batch-size', default=256, type=int,
metavar='N', help='mini-batch size (default: 256)')
parser.add_argument('--lr', '--learning-rate', default=0.1, type=float,
metavar='LR', help='initial learning rate')
parser.add_argument('--momentum', default=0.9, type=float, metavar='M',
help='momentum')
parser.add_argument('--weight-decay', '--wd', default=1e-4, type=float,
metavar='W', help='weight decay (default: 1e-4)')
parser.add_argument('--print-freq', '-p', default=10, type=int,
metavar='N', help='print frequency (default: 10)')
parser.add_argument('--resume', default='', type=str, metavar='PATH',
help='path to latest checkpoint (default: none)')
parser.add_argument('-e', '--evaluate', dest='evaluate', action='store_true',
help='evaluate model on validation set')
parser.add_argument('--pretrained', dest='pretrained', action='store_true',
help='use pre-trained model')

best_prec1 = 0


def main():
global args, best_prec1
args = parser.parse_args()

# create model
if args.pretrained:
print("=> using pre-trained model '{}'".format(args.arch))
model = models.__dict__[args.arch](pretrained=True)
else:
print("=> creating model '{}'".format(args.arch))
model = models.__dict__[args.arch]()

if args.arch.startswith('alexnet') or args.arch.startswith('vgg'):
model.features = torch.nn.DataParallel(model.features)
model.cuda()
else:
model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model).cuda()

# optionally resume from a checkpoint
if args.resume:
if os.path.isfile(args.resume):
print("=> loading checkpoint '{}'".format(args.resume))
checkpoint = torch.load(args.resume)
args.start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch']
best_prec1 = checkpoint['best_prec1']
model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['state_dict'])
print("=> loaded checkpoint '{}' (epoch {})"
.format(args.resume, checkpoint['epoch']))
else:
print("=> no checkpoint found at '{}'".format(args.resume))

cudnn.benchmark = True

# Data loading code
traindir = os.path.join(args.data, 'train')
valdir = os.path.join(args.data, 'val')
normalize = transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])

train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
datasets.ImageFolder(traindir, transforms.Compose([
transforms.RandomSizedCrop(224),
transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
transforms.ToTensor(),
normalize,
])),
batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=True,
num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True)

val_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
datasets.ImageFolder(valdir, transforms.Compose([
transforms.Scale(256),
transforms.CenterCrop(224),
transforms.ToTensor(),
normalize,
])),
batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=False,
num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True)

# define loss function (criterion) and pptimizer
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss().cuda()

optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), args.lr,
momentum=args.momentum,
weight_decay=args.weight_decay)

if args.evaluate:
validate(val_loader, model, criterion)
return

for epoch in range(args.start_epoch, args.epochs):
adjust_learning_rate(optimizer, epoch)

# train for one epoch
train(train_loader, model, criterion, optimizer, epoch)

# evaluate on validation set
prec1 = validate(val_loader, model, criterion)

# remember best prec@1 and save checkpoint
is_best = prec1 > best_prec1
best_prec1 = max(prec1, best_prec1)
save_checkpoint({
'epoch': epoch + 1,
'arch': args.arch,
'state_dict': model.state_dict(),
'best_prec1': best_prec1,
}, is_best)


def train(train_loader, model, criterion, optimizer, epoch):
batch_time = AverageMeter()
data_time = AverageMeter()
losses = AverageMeter()
top1 = AverageMeter()
top5 = AverageMeter()

# switch to train mode
model.train()

end = time.time()
for i, (input, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
# measure data loading time
data_time.update(time.time() - end)

target = target.cuda(async=True)
input_var = torch.autograd.Variable(input)
target_var = torch.autograd.Variable(target)

# compute output
output = model(input_var)
loss = criterion(output, target_var)

# measure accuracy and record loss
prec1, prec5 = accuracy(output.data, target, topk=(1, 5))
losses.update(loss.data[0], input.size(0))
top1.update(prec1[0], input.size(0))
top5.update(prec5[0], input.size(0))

# compute gradient and do SGD step
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()

# measure elapsed time
batch_time.update(time.time() - end)
end = time.time()

if i % args.print_freq == 0:
print('Epoch: [{0}][{1}/{2}]\t'
'Time {batch_time.val:.3f} ({batch_time.avg:.3f})\t'
'Data {data_time.val:.3f} ({data_time.avg:.3f})\t'
'Loss {loss.val:.4f} ({loss.avg:.4f})\t'
'Prec@1 {top1.val:.3f} ({top1.avg:.3f})\t'
'Prec@5 {top5.val:.3f} ({top5.avg:.3f})'.format(
epoch, i, len(train_loader), batch_time=batch_time,
data_time=data_time, loss=losses, top1=top1, top5=top5))


def validate(val_loader, model, criterion):
batch_time = AverageMeter()
losses = AverageMeter()
top1 = AverageMeter()
top5 = AverageMeter()

# switch to evaluate mode
model.eval()

end = time.time()
for i, (input, target) in enumerate(val_loader):
target = target.cuda(async=True)
input_var = torch.autograd.Variable(input, volatile=True)
target_var = torch.autograd.Variable(target, volatile=True)

# compute output
output = model(input_var)
loss = criterion(output, target_var)

# measure accuracy and record loss
prec1, prec5 = accuracy(output.data, target, topk=(1, 5))
losses.update(loss.data[0], input.size(0))
top1.update(prec1[0], input.size(0))
top5.update(prec5[0], input.size(0))

# measure elapsed time
batch_time.update(time.time() - end)
end = time.time()

if i % args.print_freq == 0:
print('Test: [{0}/{1}]\t'
'Time {batch_time.val:.3f} ({batch_time.avg:.3f})\t'
'Loss {loss.val:.4f} ({loss.avg:.4f})\t'
'Prec@1 {top1.val:.3f} ({top1.avg:.3f})\t'
'Prec@5 {top5.val:.3f} ({top5.avg:.3f})'.format(
i, len(val_loader), batch_time=batch_time, loss=losses,
top1=top1, top5=top5))

print(' * Prec@1 {top1.avg:.3f} Prec@5 {top5.avg:.3f}'
.format(top1=top1, top5=top5))

return top1.avg


def save_checkpoint(state, is_best, filename='checkpoint.pth.tar'):
torch.save(state, filename)
if is_best:
shutil.copyfile(filename, 'model_best.pth.tar')


class AverageMeter(object):
"""Computes and stores the average and current value"""
def __init__(self):
self.reset()

def reset(self):
self.val = 0
self.avg = 0
self.sum = 0
self.count = 0

def update(self, val, n=1):
self.val = val
self.sum += val * n
self.count += n
self.avg = self.sum / self.count


def adjust_learning_rate(optimizer, epoch):
"""Sets the learning rate to the initial LR decayed by 10 every 30 epochs"""
lr = args.lr * (0.1 ** (epoch // 30))
for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
param_group['lr'] = lr


def accuracy(output, target, topk=(1,)):
"""Computes the precision@k for the specified values of k"""
maxk = max(topk)
batch_size = target.size(0)

_, pred = output.topk(maxk, 1, True, True)
pred = pred.t()
correct = pred.eq(target.view(1, -1).expand_as(pred))

res = []
for k in topk:
correct_k = correct[:k].view(-1).float().sum(0)
res.append(correct_k.mul_(100.0 / batch_size))
return res


if __name__ == '__main__':
main()